I’ve tested and used several top two-part urethane casting resins that creators swear by, including TC-808, Model-Pro, LETS RESIN Fast Cured, Fabri-Cast 50, and more. These resins are known for their quick setting, high detail, impact resistance, and versatility for props. Whether you need rigid or flexible parts, these formulas deliver excellent results with minimal bubbles and fast demolding. Keep going to discover which formulas fit your projects best.
Key Takeaways
- Rapid curing times under 15 minutes enable quick turnaround for detailed prop casting projects.
- High detail capture and smooth surface finishes ensure professional-quality props with minimal bubbles.
- Impact-resistant and waterproof formulations provide durable, reusable props suitable for cosplay and display.
- Easy mixing ratios (often 1:1) and low-viscosity options simplify preparation and mold filling.
- Safety precautions and proper ventilation are essential due to fumes, heat, and handling of fast-curing resins.
TC-808 Rigid Polyurethane Casting Resin (4 lbs / 2 Qt Kit)
If you’re looking for a reliable urethane casting resin that combines speed and strength, TC-808 Rigid Polyurethane Casting Resin is an excellent choice. This low-viscosity, fast-curing system creates tough, durable parts with a thermoplastic-like feel. It boasts an impressive tensile strength of 6,000 psi and flexural strength of 6,225 psi, making it perfect for prototypes, models, and housings. It’s moisture-insensitive, cures at room temperature, and demolds in as little as 10–20 minutes. Plus, it’s low odor, mercury-free, and easy to pigment, providing professional results for rigid, detailed components in a variety of applications.
Best For: hobbyists, prototypers, and professionals seeking fast, durable, and rigid polyurethane castings for models, prototypes, and detailed components.
Pros:
- Fast curing time of 10–20 minutes for quick project turnaround
- High mechanical strength with 6,000 psi tensile and 6,225 psi flexural strength
- Easy to pigment and compatible with various casting applications
Cons:
- Requires careful mixing and handling with protective equipment due to chemical nature
- Limited working time of approximately 2 minutes at 77°F, demanding quick work
- Not suitable for flexible or soft casting applications
Model-Pro 1-Gallon Polyurethane Casting Resin Kit (Part A + Part B)
The Model-Pro 1-Gallon Polyurethane Casting Resin Kit stands out for its rapid curing time and exceptional detail reproduction, making it ideal for both beginners and seasoned creators. This low-viscosity, odorless resin guarantees easy mixing, minimal bubbles, and thorough mold penetration. It cures in about 15 minutes, producing sharp details and a natural white finish. Its high strength and impact resistance make it perfect for casting models, prototypes, and art pieces. With a simple 1:1 mix ratio and quick set-up, it allows for fast project completion. Just work efficiently, use proper ventilation, and enjoy creating durable, intricate reproductions with professional results.
Best For: Hobbyists and professionals seeking quick-curing, detailed, and durable polyurethane resin for casting models, prototypes, and art pieces.
Pros:
- Rapid curing time of approximately 15 minutes for quick project turnaround
- Excellent detail reproduction and high impact resistance for durable finished pieces
- Easy 1:1 mix ratio with low viscosity, minimal bubbles, and good mold penetration
Cons:
- Short working time requires swift work to prevent overheating and overcuring
- Produces fumes that necessitate proper ventilation and protective gear during use
- Not ideal for large batches beyond approximately 150 grams due to rapid setting and heat buildup
LETS RESIN Polyurethane Casting Resin (60oz, Fast Cured)
LETS RESIN Polyurethane Casting Resin (60oz, Fast Cured) stands out for creators who need quick turnaround without sacrificing quality. It cures in just 10 minutes, allowing for rapid production, with only 2 minutes of working time. This resin turns from liquid to a tough, opaque white plastic (Shore 75D), making it ideal for prototypes, sculptures, and props. Its ultra-low viscosity ensures bubble-free casts, and no vacuum degassing is needed. Lightweight, waterproof, and paintable, it’s perfect for high-volume projects like gifts or special effects. The 1:1 mixing ratio simplifies use, and the resin’s durability makes it a versatile choice for creators seeking speed and quality.
Best For: creators and artisans who need rapid casting solutions for prototypes, sculptures, or props without sacrificing quality or needing complex equipment.
Pros:
- Cures in just 10 minutes with only 2 minutes of working time for quick turnaround.
- Produces bubble-free, opaque white casts with minimal shrinkage, ideal for detailed work.
- Easy to mix with a 1:1 ratio, no vacuum degassing required, simplifying the casting process.
Cons:
- Limited working time of only 2 minutes, requiring quick handling and preparation.
- The rapid cure may be challenging for larger or more complex projects that need longer working periods.
- Shelf life is approximately 1 year, so proper storage is essential to maintain quality.
Fabri-Cast 50 Polyurethane Casting Resin and Silicone Molding Set
For creators seeking quick, detailed, and durable resin casts, the Fabri-Cast 50 Polyurethane Casting Resin and Silicone Molding Set stands out. This 1-gallon kit features a low-viscosity resin that captures intricate details effortlessly, making it perfect for complex models and sculptures. It cures in just 10-15 minutes, allowing for fast production without sacrificing quality. Its impact resistance and strength ensure long-lasting results, while the easy 1:1 mix ratio makes it accessible for beginners and pros alike. Compatible with any silicone molds, this set offers a user-friendly experience for creating high-detail, durable props and accessories efficiently.
Best For: hobbyists, professional artists, and craft enthusiasts seeking quick, high-detail, and durable resin castings and silicone molds.
Pros:
- Excellent detail capture for intricate designs and complex projects
- Fast curing time of 10-15 minutes speeds up production
- Easy 1:1 mix ratio suitable for beginners and experienced users
Cons:
- Limited working time before the resin begins to cure
- May require proper ventilation due to fumes during mixing and curing
- Handling and cleanup can be messy without proper protective gear
LETS RESIN Polyurethane Casting Resin (60oz, Fast Cured, Low Viscosity)
If you need a fast-setting casting resin that produces durable, opaque white results with minimal fuss, LETS RESIN Polyurethane Casting Resin is an excellent choice. It cures in just 10 minutes, with only 2 minutes of working time, making it perfect for quick turnarounds. Its ultra-low viscosity allows for bubble-free casts and easy filling of fine details. Designed for pouring into rubber molds, it’s ideal for creating prototypes, sculptures, and props. Once cured, the lightweight, tough, and paintable finish resists water and mild solvents. With a 1-year shelf life and no need for vacuum degassing, it streamlines high-volume production effortlessly.
Best For: DIY artisans, prototype developers, and small-scale manufacturers seeking fast, durable, and easy-to-use polyurethane casting resin for detailed molds and quick production.
Pros:
- Rapid curing time of just 10 minutes with only 2 minutes of work time, ideal for quick projects.
- Ultra-low viscosity ensures bubble-free casts and easy filling of fine details.
- Produces lightweight, tough, waterproof, and paintable finishes suitable for various applications.
Cons:
- Limited working time of only 2 minutes requires quick and precise handling.
- May require practice to achieve optimal results due to fast setting speed.
- Not suitable for large-volume casts without proper planning, as quick curing may limit extended work.
Model-Pro 32 Oz Casting Resin Kit (Part A & B)
The Model-Pro 32 Oz Casting Resin Kit stands out as an excellent choice for both beginners and seasoned creators seeking reliable, detailed castings. This professional-grade, low-viscosity, odorless two-part resin is perfect for casting models, prototypes, figurines, and art projects. Its 1:1 mix ratio makes it easy to use without special equipment, and it cures rapidly in about 15 minutes at room temperature. The resin delivers high strength, impact resistance, and sharp detail, capturing even intricate features. Its deep penetration into molds guarantees smooth, consistent results, making it a favorite for mold making, repairs, and artistic endeavors.
Best For: hobbyists, artists, and professionals seeking a reliable, detailed casting resin for models, prototypes, and art projects with easy-to-use mixing and rapid curing.
Pros:
- Easy 1:1 mix ratio requiring no special equipment
- Rapid cure time of approximately 15 minutes at room temperature
- High strength, impact resistance, and excellent detail capture
Cons:
- Generates heat during curing, requiring caution to prevent warping or burns
- Must work quickly because of rapid setting time
- Safety precautions needed due to fumes and heat during handling and curing
Enduro Flex Liquid Polyurethane Casting Rubber (2 lb kit)
Enduro Flex Liquid Polyurethane Casting Rubber stands out as an ideal choice for creators seeking flexible, durable molds and parts. This 2-part liquid rubber cures to 80 Shore A hardness, delivering a firm yet flexible feel perfect for urethane bushings, fishing lures, or semi-rigid molds. It’s highly tear-resistant and long-lasting, making it great for repeated use. The mix ratio is 1:1, with a quick cure time of about 7 minutes and demolding in 2-3 hours. Suitable for fixture surfaces and mold making, this clear polyurethane rubber offers reliable performance for those demanding durable, flexible castings that stand the test of time.
Best For: hobbyists, mold makers, and small-scale creators seeking quick-curing, durable, flexible polyurethane rubber for molds and parts.
Pros:
- Fast cure time of approximately 7 minutes for quick project turnaround
- Highly tear-resistant and durable, suitable for repeated use
- Easy 1:1 mix ratio simplifies preparation and reduces errors
Cons:
- Not water-resistant, limiting outdoor or moisture-prone applications
- Clear color may require additional pigmentation for aesthetic purposes
- Suitable primarily for fixture surfaces; may need mold release for complex molds
Enduro Soft Liquid Polyurethane Casting Rubber (2 lb Kit)
Designed for creators who need flexible, waterproof rubber parts, the Enduro Soft Liquid Polyurethane Casting Rubber (2 lb Kit) offers a reliable solution for detailed molds and durable casts. It’s a 2-part liquid rubber with a soft, rubbery feel that retains strength and toughness, making it perfect for flexible, waterproof applications. With a quick set time of about five minutes and strong resistance to water and vibration, it’s versatile for creating everything from molds to electrical potting. Easy to mix and tint with mica powders, it produces detailed, resilient casts that hold up under demanding conditions, ensuring your projects are both functional and long-lasting.
Best For: creators needing flexible, waterproof rubber parts for detailed molds, electrical potting, or durable castings in demanding environments.
Pros:
- Easy to mix thoroughly and tint with mica powders for vibrant colors
- Fast curing time of approximately five minutes, allowing quick project turnaround
- Highly durable, waterproof, and flexible, suitable for underwater and high-vibration applications
Cons:
- Sets quickly, which may challenge some users during pouring and handling
- Can bond strongly to certain objects like polished sculptures, making demolding difficult without proper release agents
- Dyes and some additives can compromise the rubber’s integrity if not used carefully
Amazing Casting Resin Kit for DIY Crafts and Prototypes
If you’re looking for a fast and reliable resin kit that’s perfect for DIY crafts and prototypes, the Amazing Casting Resin Kit stands out as an excellent choice. It creates exact replicas in under 10 minutes, making it ideal for quick projects. The kit includes two 8oz bottles of resin, mixing cups, stir sticks, and detailed instructions, suitable for all skill levels. Once cured, the resin can be painted, stained, drilled, or machined, offering great versatility. Made in the USA, this kit ensures quality, safety, and durability, making it a favorite for hobbyists and professionals alike who want professional results with minimal fuss.
Best For: DIY enthusiasts, hobbyists, and professionals seeking quick, high-quality resin casting solutions for crafts, prototypes, and detailed replicas.
Pros:
- Fast curing time of under 10 minutes for efficient project completion
- Easy to use for all skill levels with detailed instructions included
- Versatile finish options, allowing painting, staining, drilling, and machining
Cons:
- Limited to 8oz bottles per part, which may require multiple batches for larger projects
- Mold putty sold separately, meaning additional purchase needed for mold making
- Slightly bulky dimensions (7 x 4.2 x 4 inches) may not be suitable for very small or intricate molds
2 Pack Alumilite Clear Cast Resin (16 Ounce Boxes)
Pack Alumilite Clear Cast Resin stands out as an excellent choice for creators seeking a versatile, crystal-clear casting material. This low-viscosity resin is perfect for casting and coating, offering a high-gloss, water-resistant finish. Its 1:1 mix ratio makes it easy to use, whether you’re working on detailed molds, furniture protection, or craft projects. Made in the USA, it fully cures in 24 hours and can be colored with dyes for customization. Sold as a 2-pack with everything you need—stir sticks, measuring cups, and instructions—it’s a reliable, user-friendly option for both beginners and pros.
Best For: hobbyists, artists, and professionals seeking a clear, easy-to-use casting resin for detailed projects, coatings, or crafts.
Pros:
- Easy-to-mix 1:1 ratio simplifies the casting process.
- Produces a high-gloss, water-resistant, optically clear finish.
- Suitable for a variety of applications including molds, furniture, and crafts.
Cons:
- Takes 24 hours to fully cure, which may delay project completion.
- Slightly lower viscosity may require careful mixing to avoid bubbles.
- Price may vary depending on retailer, potentially impacting overall cost.
Alumilite White Casting Resin Kit (32 oz)
The Alumilite White Casting Resin Kit (32 oz) stands out as an excellent choice for creators seeking durable, detailed castings for arts, crafts, and jewelry. This kit includes 16 oz of Part A and 16 oz of Part B, making it easy to mix in a 1:1 ratio. Its liquid, white resin with a viscosity of 90 cps captures fine details and cures in about 10 minutes, producing water-resistant, strong, and visually appealing pieces. Perfect for small to large projects, it’s versatile for molds, ornaments, and customized items. With a high tensile strength of around 4,500 PSI, it’s a reliable option for artists who demand quality and precision.
Best For: DIY enthusiasts, jewelry makers, and artists seeking durable, detailed resin castings for arts, crafts, and decorative projects.
Pros:
- Easy 1:1 mixing ratio simplifies the casting process
- Captures fine details with low viscosity and quick curing time
- Water-resistant and high tensile strength for durable finished pieces
Cons:
- Short working time requires quick handling during casting
- Limited color options; dyes must be non-water-based for pigmentation
- Slightly bulky packaging may be less convenient for storage or small projects
Environmental Technology 32032 Castin Craft Fastcast Urethane Casting Resin
Environmental Technology 32032 Castin Craft Fastcast Urethane Casting Resin stands out as an excellent choice for creators who need quick, reliable results in mold making and casting projects. It’s a two-component, odorless urethane that turns white once cured, providing a bright, solid finish in about 10 minutes at 70°F. With a 1:1 mixing ratio and minimal bubbles if mixed carefully, it’s easy to use for miniatures, prototypes, and molds. The resin is durable enough to be drilled, sanded, and painted, making it versatile. Its fast curing time, large quantity, and affordability make it popular for hobbyists and professionals alike.
Best For: hobbyists and small-scale professionals seeking quick, detailed mold making and casting solutions with minimal bubbles and fast curing times.
Pros:
- Fast curing time of approximately 10 minutes at 70°F, enabling quick project turnaround
- Easy to mix and pour with a 1:1 ratio, producing minimal bubbles when mixed carefully
- Versatile for casting, prototyping, miniatures, and mold making, and can be drilled, sanded, and painted
Cons:
- Can be brittle and prone to cracking if rushed or overmixed
- Heats up rapidly during curing, requiring caution during handling
- May not adhere well to paint without priming and can be less durable for high-stress applications
Teexpert Epoxy Resin Kit (64OZ)
If you’re looking for a reliable epoxy resin that guarantees a crystal-clear, bubble-free finish, the Teexpert Epoxy Resin Kit (64OZ) is an excellent choice. It includes 32 ounces of resin and 32 ounces of hardener, mixed in a simple 1:1 ratio with a self-leveling formula. Its low-viscosity liquid dries quickly, with a curing time of about 8 hours, and is heat resistant, non-toxic, and non-flammable. Designed for versatility, it’s perfect for jewelry, coasters, sculptures, and more. The resin remains clear and non-yellowing over time, resisting scratches and water, making it ideal for both beginners and experienced creators.
Best For: hobbyists, artists, and DIY enthusiasts seeking a reliable, crystal-clear epoxy resin for crafts, jewelry, and artistic projects.
Pros:
- Easy to mix with a 1:1 volume ratio and self-leveling formula, ideal for beginners.
- Dries quickly within 8 hours and remains clear and non-yellowing over time.
- Heat resistant, water-resistant, and bubble-free, suitable for various outdoor and water-exposed projects.
Cons:
- Requires precise measurement and mixing to avoid imperfections.
- May have a strong odor during curing, which could be bothersome without proper ventilation.
- Limited working time once mixed, necessitating quick application for larger projects.
Epoxy Resin Kit 32 oz for Casting and Crafts
For crafters and DIY enthusiasts seeking a versatile, easy-to-use epoxy, the Epoxy Resin Kit 32 oz is an excellent choice. It features a crystal-clear, UV-resistant surface that resists yellowing over time, keeping your projects vibrant. With high hardness and a glossy finish, it offers durability for jewelry, countertops, and decorative pieces. The kit includes everything you need—glitter colors, measuring cups, droppers, gloves, and mixing sticks—making it beginner-friendly. Its low-odor formula minimizes bubbles, and it cures quickly, especially in warm climates. Perfect for sealing wood or creating artistic crafts, this kit delivers reliable, professional-quality results.
Best For: DIY craft enthusiasts, jewelry makers, and homeowners seeking a crystal-clear, durable epoxy for coating, sealing, and artistic projects.
Pros:
- Crystal-clear, UV-resistant surface that resists yellowing over time
- Easy 1:1 mixing ratio and complete starter kit with tools for beginner-friendly use
- Quick curing time with minimal bubbles, providing professional-quality results
Cons:
- Some users report the cured epoxy remains soft or sticky, limiting certain applications
- Included cups and tools may be of average quality and require careful handling
- Proper ventilation and gloves are necessary due to fumes and potential stickiness during handling
LETS RESIN 1/2 Gallon Casting Epoxy Resin
LETS RESIN 1/2 Gallon Casting Epoxy Resin stands out as an excellent choice for hobbyists and beginners who want a reliable, crystal-clear finish. This kit includes 32oz of resin and 32oz of hardener, mixed at a 1:1 ratio, making it easy to use for various projects like jewelry, crafts, and art pieces. It’s formulated to be bubble-free with anti-foaming agents, ensuring a glass-like clarity that resists yellowing over time. Once cured, it’s scratch, water, and heat-resistant up to 160℉, making it durable for decorative and functional items. Its low odor allows indoor use without concern.
Best For: hobbyists and beginners seeking a reliable, crystal-clear epoxy resin for jewelry, crafts, and decorative projects.
Pros:
- Bubble-free formulation with anti-foaming agents for a glass-like, clear finish
- Resistant to yellowing, scratches, water, and heat up to 160℉ for durability
- Low odor, suitable for indoor use in well-ventilated spaces
Cons:
- Shelf life of approximately 1 year requires timely use
- Requires careful handling and proper ventilation during application
- Limited color options; primarily designed for clear finishes
Factors to Consider When Choosing Two Part Urethane Casting Resin for Props
When selecting a urethane casting resin for props, I consider factors like cure time, viscosity, and strength to match my project needs. It’s also important to think about how easily the resin works with molds and how safe I need to be during handling. By focusing on these points, I can choose a resin that delivers the best results for my creations.
Cure Time & Speed
Choosing the right cure time for your two-part urethane casting resin is essential because it directly influences your workflow and the quality of your props. Faster cure times, like 10-15 minutes, let you produce parts quickly, but they leave little room for adjustments and require swift handling. On the other hand, resins with longer cure times, around 30-60 minutes, give you more flexibility for detailed work and fine-tuning during casting. Speed also influences heat buildup; rapid curing resins can generate more heat, risking mold deformation or warping. Ultimately, your choice depends on project complexity, size, and how quickly you need to produce finished props. Finding the right balance ensures you get quality results without sacrificing efficiency.
Viscosity & Detail Capture
The viscosity of a two-part urethane casting resin plays a crucial role in how well it captures intricate details and complex geometries. Lower viscosity resins flow more easily into detailed molds, ensuring sharp, crisp features and fine textures. Conversely, high-viscosity resins can trap air bubbles, which reduces clarity and diminishes detail fidelity. Achieving ideal detail capture means selecting a resin whose viscosity allows thorough mold penetration without creating voids or gaps. The resin’s ability to fill complex geometries directly impacts the accuracy and realism of the final prop. Additionally, adjusting viscosity through additives or temperature control can further enhance a resin’s capacity to replicate minute textures and surface details, making it easier to produce detailed, professional-quality props.
Strength & Durability
Durability and strength are critical factors to contemplate when selecting a two-part urethane casting resin for props, especially if the final piece needs to withstand handling, impact, or stress. High tensile strength, such as 6,000 psi, indicates the resin’s ability to resist pulling forces without breaking, ensuring long-lasting props. Flexural strength over 6,225 psi shows the resin’s capacity to resist bending and deformation under load. The Shore D hardness rating, like Shore D 78, reveals surface resistance to indentation, affecting toughness and wear. Fully cured resins that undergo extended curing or post-curing periods, typically 5–7 days, reach maximum strength and durability. These properties guarantee that your props remain resilient, impact-resistant, and capable of handling real-world use without failure.
Compatibility & Mold Ease
When selecting a urethane casting resin for props, ensuring compatibility with your mold material is vital to prevent sticking, damage, or demolding issues. I always check if the resin works well with my mold, whether silicone, polyurethane, or other elastomers, to avoid adhesion problems. A low-viscosity resin makes pouring into detailed molds easier, reducing air bubbles and incomplete fills. I prefer resins that cure at room temperature, simplifying demolding and reducing risk to the mold. For intricate or large molds, a longer working time is beneficial, giving me more control. Additionally, I verify if the resin is compatible with mold release agents or if I need to apply one, ensuring smooth removal without tearing or sticking. Compatibility and ease of demolding are key to efficient, high-quality prop production.
Safety & Handling Tips
Choosing the right urethane casting resin isn’t just about the final look; safety and proper handling are essential to protect yourself throughout the process. Always wear gloves, safety glasses, and a respirator to prevent skin contact, eye injury, and inhalation of fumes. Work in a well-ventilated area to disperse VOCs and reduce inhalation risks. Follow the manufacturer’s mixing instructions carefully, including the correct ratio and thorough blending, to ensure proper curing and avoid chemical hazards. Store resin components in a cool, dry place at 65–80°F to maintain quality and prevent premature curing. Dispose of cured or waste resin responsibly, following local regulations, since uncured resin can be hazardous to health and the environment if mishandled.
Frequently Asked Questions
How Does Curing Time Affect Detailed Prop Casting?
Curing time greatly impacts the level of detail in my prop casting. If I rush the process, I risk imperfections like bubbles or surface roughness, which can ruin fine details. I prefer to give the resin ample curing time, usually 24 to 48 hours, to ensure everything hardens perfectly. This patience results in a smoother finish, sharper details, and a more professional-looking final piece.
Can These Resins Be Colored or Pigmented Easily?
Absolutely, these resins can be colored or pigmented with ease. I always say, a splash of paint or pigment is the cherry on top. You can add liquid dyes, powders, or even airbrush colors directly into the mix before pouring. Just keep in mind, the more pigment you add, the more it might affect curing time or surface finish. So, start small and experiment to get the perfect hue!
Are Any of These Resins UV Resistant?
Yes, some of these resins are UV resistant, which helps prevent yellowing or degradation when exposed to sunlight. I recommend looking for formulations specifically labeled as UV resistant or outdoor-grade. I’ve used a few that hold up well over time and maintain their color and clarity outdoors. Just make sure to check the product details to verify they meet your project’s UV stability needs.
What Safety Precautions Are Recommended During Casting?
Like a knight preparing for battle, I take safety seriously during casting. I always wear gloves, goggles, and a respirator to protect my skin, eyes, and lungs from harmful fumes and chemicals. I work in a well-ventilated area, avoiding sparks or open flames. Proper disposal of waste is vital. Following these precautions keeps me safe and guarantees my creative process remains smooth and enjoyable.
How Do Environmental Factors Influence Resin Curing?
Environmental factors critically influence resin curing. I’ve found that temperature plays a vital role; too cold or hot can delay or ruin the process. Humidity can cause surface imperfections or cure inconsistencies, so I always work in a controlled, dry environment. Ventilation is necessary too, as poor airflow can trap fumes and affect curing times. Adjusting for these factors guarantees a smooth, strong finish every time I cast.
Conclusion
Choosing the right two-part urethane casting resin is like finding the perfect brush for a masterpiece—each one has its unique stroke. With options ranging from fast curing to high detail, you can craft props as durable as a fortress or as delicate as glass. Trust your project’s needs and these top picks to guide your creative journey. Remember, the right resin is the paintbrush that turns your vision into reality.
Meet Lulu, our creative director at Halloween Product Reviews. With an eye for the unique and the unusual, Lulu brings our costume and decoration reviews to life with her imaginative flair. Halloween has always been a special time for Lulu to explore her creativity and she’s dedicated to helping you find the most original and awe-inspiring ideas to elevate your Halloween festivities.
